Relationship Between The Optimum Usage Of Copper Slag As Fine Aggregate And Compressive Strength In Copper Slag Admixed Concrete

Vol. 4  Issue 2
Year: 2014
Issue: Mar-May
Title:Relationship Between The Optimum Usage Of Copper Slag As Fine Aggregate And Compressive Strength In Copper Slag Admixed Concrete
Author Name:Binaya Patnaik, Seshadri Sekhar. T and Srinivasa Rao
Synopsis:
The rapid urbanization and natural resources scarcity had created a huge demand for non-conventional resources in the construction industry. Copper slag, which is a by-product obtained during the refining and metal smelting process of Copper Ore having Silica (SiO ) as a major composition, could potentially be used as a partial replacement of Sand in 2 the manufacturing of Concrete. In the present Experimental Investigation, for M30 grade of Concrete, fine aggregate (River Sand) was partially replaced with Copper Slag from 0% to 50% and compressive strength at the ages of 28 & 90 days were investigated. Finally, mathematical equations were derived for compressive strength at 28 & 90 days with percentage of Copper Slag used as partial replacement of Fine aggregate in copper slag admixed concrete.

Plastic Optic Fiber (POF) Based Phase Difference Measurement Method For Estimation Of Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD) In Concrete

Vol. 4  Issue 2
Year: 2014
Issue: Mar-May
Title:Plastic Optic Fiber (POF) Based Phase Difference Measurement Method For Estimation Of Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD) In Concrete
Author Name:K. Samrajyam, B. Sobha, T. D. Gunneswara Rao and R.L.N. Sai Prasad
Synopsis:
Crack detection and measurement of crack width in concrete are important for structural health monitoring of structures. In this paper, we report on a technique for estimation of crack mouth opening displacement ((CMOD) in concrete specimens of M20 composition. It is based on the principle of using Plastic Optical Fiber(POF) based strain displacement sensor employing phase difference measurement technique. The motivation for the method has been to improve on the sensitivity of detection of crack width measurement and propagation by looking at the phase changes rather than amplitude changes as attempted earlier by the authors.

Investigation on Characteristics of Fly Ash and Crusher Waste Stabilized Black Cotton Soil Bricks

Vol. 4  Issue 2
Year: 2014
Issue: Mar-May
Title:Investigation on Characteristics of Fly Ash and Crusher Waste Stabilized Black Cotton Soil Bricks
Author Name:T.Sekar
Synopsis:
An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the feasibility of manufacturing bricks from locally available black cotton soil using industrial waste materials such as fly ash and crusher waste. In order to study the characteristics of brick, a total of 504 numbers of brick specimens of 230 x 110 x 70 mm size were cast in three series by combining black cotton soil, fly ash and crusher waste in different proportions. The brick specimens were then air dried, baked in kiln and tested for compressive strength, water absorption, efflorescence and density as per IS:3495 code. Also, for comparison purpose, 18 numbers of conventional burnt clay bricks and 18 numbers of pressed type water cured cement fly ash bricks were tested for the aforesaid brick properties. Test results obtained in the present investigation indicate that it is possible to manufacture good quality bricks from locally available black cotton soil by suitably adding either fly ash or crusher waste or both, and such bricks can be used in lieu of conventional burnt clay bricks or pressed type water cured cement fly ash bricks presently in use for various construction activities.

Plastics and FRP Materials used in Railways

Vol. 4  Issue 2
Year: 2014
Issue: Mar-May
Title:Plastics and FRP Materials used in Railways
Author Name:Pawan Malik
Synopsis:
The emergence of Plastic industries has become a boon for various engineering applications. Plastics are durable, light weight materials, which are easy to transport. The major advantage of plastic is it is recyclable in nature, which helps to conserve landfill space, natural resources and reduce pollution. Earlier in railways, wooden, concrete or steel sleepers are used. Due to their high cost and limited life span, nowadays plastics sleepers are used all over the world at large scale. An attempt has been made to study various engineering plastics used in railways and the advantages of plastics over other construction materials. Moreover, special attention is given to Fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) i.e. plastics composites. The study concluded that plastics composites are more reliable, more economically viable and have longer life span.

Numerical Modelling of Pull Out Resistance of Anchored Stone Column in Soft Clay

Vol.4  No.1

Year: 2014

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title : Numerical Modelling of Pull Out Resistance of Anchored Stone Column in Soft Clay

Author Name : Chokhawala H. N, Desai. D. J , Rudani S. V. , SHAH R. D. , Raval K. J. , Dr. Yogendra Tandel

Synopsis :

Ground improvement refers to a technique that improves the engineering properties of the soil like shear strength, stiffness and permeability. Stone column is one of the ground improvement techniques often applied due to its low cost, environment friendly and ease in construction. Stone column are employed to resist the compressive loads. They are not capable to resist uplift pressure. Stone column modified with anchor at the base of the stone column refers to as Anchored Stone Column (ASC). ASC can resist uplift pressure addition to compressive load. An anchor placed at the base of the stone column and attached to the footing by a cable or rod transfer the applied force to the bottom of the stone column. This paper demonstrates the result from two dimensional finite element analysis, using PLAXIS 2D software, under taken on a typical unit cell model. The study will investigate the ability of ASC to resist uplift force and failure modes. The parametric study consider the effect of length to diameter ratio of stone column, area replacement ratio, stiffness of the stone column material to that of soil surrounding the stone column.

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Quantitative CT-Scan Imaging Approach in Determining The Air Voids and Aggregate Content in Concrete

Vol.4  No.1

Year: 2014

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title : Quantitative CT-Scan Imaging Approach in Determining The Air Voids and Aggregate Content in Concrete

Author Name : Arash Razmjoo, Amir Poursaee

Synopsis :

Regardless of using high quality cement and aggregates in concrete mixture, improper mixing, placement, finishing and curing practices can negatively impact the quality of concrete and cause a premature failure, or development of defects. Uneven distribution of the ingredients such as clustering of coarse aggregates, air voids or un-hydrated cement particles, significant variation in paste density, and insufficient compaction are the main results of the inadequate mixing. Microscopic analysis is the most common technique for identifying such problems due to mixing. However, this method is limited by three main issues: (i) relatively long time is required for sample preparation and performing the test, (ii) the information is obtained in 2D and just from one section, and (iii) the technique relies on the experience of the operator. To minimize these restrictions in this research, Quantitative Computer Tomography (QCT) scanning method is used as a powerful alternative to the microscopic examination to analyze the coarse aggregates and air voids in concrete samples. A computer code was developed which enables the users to perform all measurements automatically in a short period of time. Results are in very good agreement with the conventional microscopic technique. The accuracy, rapid performance and personnel independency of this method make it a promising technique for assessment, failure analysis, forensic investigations and quality control of the bridge deck concrete cores as well as laboratory samples.

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Foam Concrete - A Better Replacement To The Traditional Heavy Concrete

Vol.4  No.1

Year: 2014

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title : Foam Concrete - A Better Replacement To The Traditional Heavy Concrete

Author Name : Shreya Thusoo, Ayush Rai, Maiti.P.R

Synopsis :

This paper gives an introduction to a new form of concrete called foam concrete which is manufactured by mixing a cement paste or slurry with a manufactured foam material. It is a revolutionary new cementing material which is both lightweight and strong. Here the technique of cast in-situ foam concrete preparation, use of fly ash as a filler material in foam concrete and a comparative study of heat insulation capacity of foam concrete to other commonly used construction materials has been presented. The paper discusses the changes in the property of foam concrete because of the use of different graded sands and different water-solid ratios. Its uses and advantages over other construction materials have also been enlisted.

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