A Case Study on Impact of Tar-Ball Pollution on the Beaches of Alibaug (Maharashtra)

Volume 9 Issue 3 June - August 2019

Research Paper

A Case Study on Impact of Tar-Ball Pollution on the Beaches of Alibaug (Maharashtra)

Priyanka S. Bhatkar*, Raju P. Narwade**, Kartik N. Nagarajan***

*_***Department of Civil Engineering, Pillai HOC College of Engineering and Technology, Rasayani, Maharashtra, India.

Bhatkar, P. S., Narwade, R. P., & Nagarajan, K. N. (2019). A Case Study on Impact of Tar-Ball Pollution on the Beaches of Alibaug (Maharashtra). i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(3), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.3.14907

Abstract

Deposition of tar residue is a seasonal phenomenon because it is observed during monsoon season. Coastal line is a boundary line between land and water surface. It is important to study impact of oil tar ball pollution because this phenomenon produces a very damaging effect on the ecosystem of the beaches. Many studies reported effect of tar ball pollution on different beaches. This paper also includes the impact of oil spills on the coastal ecosystem of Alibaug, but other effects like social and financial will not be analyzed. Large numbers of tourist visit Alibaug beaches. But in recent year, due to marine pollution and problems like oil spillage from ship accidents, Alibaug beaches have also got affected by tar ball pollution. Oil spill accidents are increasing day-by-day due to increase in transportation of oil through ships. One test is also included in this paper by compability with bituminous properties. This paper gives general information of oil spill pollution along Alibaug coastline, from which, it is possible to adopt preventive measures to reduce the number of oil spill accidents.

A Rational Approach in Competitive Bidding Practices and Streamlining Missing Aspects of Public Procurements

Volume 9 Issue 3 June - August 2019

Research Paper

A Rational Approach in Competitive Bidding Practices and Streamlining Missing Aspects of Public Procurements

M. Chittaranjan*, K. Nagendra Prasad **

*_**Department of Civil Engineering,S. V. University College of Engineering, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Chittaranjan, M., & Prasad, K. N. (2019). A Rational Approach in Competitive Bidding Practices and Streamlining Missing Aspects of Public Procurements. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(3), 42-49. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.3.15533

Abstract

The present day public procurements are largely empirical and at best partly scientific. Many irregularities, breach of fiduciary duty and inaccuracy in bids are very frequently reported in the press and the beneficiaries of public works namely common people and law abiding citizens have become vulnerable and have always been at the receiving end. System improvements are far less than necessary and value for public expenditure is not conspicuous especially in public procurements. A clear road map for ensuring transparency and accountability is presented in this paper.

An element of irrationality is built-in inadvertently in bidding processes often leading to delays, losses and unwarranted disputes in the form of arbitrations. This unhealthy trend in public procurements should be taken seriously, unless it will result in catastrophes in project management. In Indian Railways which is a major infrastructure undertaking in India only two criteria namely 35% criteria and 150% criteria are to be fulfilled in any procurement and it can be commented that still the practice is in a primitive stage. An attempt has been made to expand these criteria in a practical and highly rational perspective so that the public works are proposed, processed and executed by scientific methods so that the objectives are not compromised. As many as 14 criteria which are taken into account in majority of developed countries are enlisted, analysed and adopted in a customised railway perspective. A rational model to evaluate bids is proposed which takes into account the bid value quoted in relation to estimated value of the project to bring out relative merits of the bid value. The evaluation of this model is compared with the one published earlier and the model evaluation reveals that the proposed model is more pragmatic.

An Analysis of Air Quality Status in Some Part of Singhbhum Shear Zone, Jharkhand

Volume 9 Issue 3 June - August 2019

Research Paper

An Analysis of Air Quality Status in Some Part of Singhbhum Shear Zone, Jharkhand

Krishnendu Banerjee*, Manish Kumar Jain**, Surajit Panda***, Sarvesh Chandra Katiyar****

*-*** Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.

**** Scientist, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Dehradun Regional office, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Banerjee, K., Jain, M. K., Panda, S., & Katiyar, S. C. (2019). An Analysis of Air Quality Status in Some Part of Singhbhum Shear Zone, Jharkhand. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(3), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.3.15347

Abstract

Air pollution is a major concern in industrial, urban, and semi-urban locations. Health problem are associated with air quality. Monitoring of all components of air pollution like Particulate Matter (PM10), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), and Nitrogen  Dioxide (NOx) absorptions have become a high environmental importance. Urban or semi-urban locations in study area like Ghatsila, Surda, Adityapur, and Mosaboni have more contribution in point source of pollution. It is necessary to predict the effective areal distribution of pollution base. In the present study, air quality index has been calculated to predict the air quality status based on health risk level. Prediction of pollution sources and indexing is possible in remote areas with the combination of statistical and GIS tool. From the analysis, it is obvious that Adityapur is falling in high-risk zone in a risk scale of 10. However, the maximum area is falling in low risk (1-3) zone and some locations are falling in moderate (4-6) risk zone. This study evaluates the overall environmental quality of the study area.

Delineation of Catchment Area of Kangsabati Reservoir using Arcgis for Hydrological Applications

Volume 9 Issue 3 June - August 2019

Research Paper

Delineation of Catchment Area of Kangsabati Reservoir using Arcgis for Hydrological Applications

H. Sheak*, K. K. Bhar**

*Department of Civil Engineering, Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

** Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science And Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India.

Sheak, H., & Bhar, K. K. (2019). Delineation of Catchment Area of Kangsabati Reservoir using Arcgis for Hydrological Applications. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(3), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.3.15406

Abstract

Kangsabati reservoir receives the flow mainly from the river Kangsabati and Kumari, situated in the extreme western part of West Bengal state in eastern India. It is considered as a drought prone area with irregular rainfall. The reservoir is flashy in nature and experiences huge flood with a high peak during heavy storm within a short duration causing the possibility of flood risks. Therefore, it is essential to predict the runoff and flood volumes in the Kangsabati basin. So, there is a requirement to develop the watershed modelling for the said reservoir in HEC-HMS software. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based watershed delineation is the primary prerequisite for hydrologic modelling in HEC-HMS. In this study, ASTER DEM of 30 m resolution has been used to delineate the catchment area of a real system Kangsabati reservoir in ArcGIS 10.4. Different intermediate results were generated during the model run and finally catchment area map has been generated and basic parameters were also defined. The watershed area obtained from this delineation process is 3622 km2 while it was 3625 km2 reported in the Department of irrigation, Government of West Bengal. This difference in watershed area is due to errors from the estimation using traditional delineation. The different watershed parameters, such as area, flow path, drainage pattern, river slope, position of rain gauges, etc., generated from delineated watershed shapefile will be used as input in HEC-HMS to develop watershed modelling for investigating the possibility of flood occurrence in the Kangsabati reservoir. It can be useful for further analysis of sedimentation, improved land use practices, watershed management, etc., for the Kangsabati reservoir in future.

Statistical Assessment of Compaction Characteristics, California Bearing Ratio Value and Shear Behavior of Clay-Sand-Gravel Mixture for Pavements

Volume 9 Issue 3 June - August 2019

Research Paper

Statistical Assessment of Compaction Characteristics, California Bearing Ratio Value and Shear Behavior of Clay-Sand-Gravel Mixture for Pavements

K. L. Timani*, R. K. Jain**

*Department of Applied Mechanics, Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

** Department of Civil Engineering, S. S. Engineering College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.

Timani, K. L., & Jain, R. K. (2019). Statistical Assessment of Compaction Characteristics, California Bearing Ratio Value and Shear Behavior of Clay-Sand-Gravel Mixture for Pavements. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(3), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.3.15240

Abstract

The performance of pavement depends to a large extent on the strength of subgrade. Subgrade should be strong enough to take up the stresses imposed due to loads without shear failure and excessive deformation. Subgrade layer consisting of clay-sand-gravel mixture is advisable for all types of substructure condition. Subgrade soil strength is evaluated in terms of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and is used in design of flexible pavement. This paper describes the influence of clay content on compaction characteristics, unsoaked CBR values, and undrained shear parameters of clay-sand-gravel mixture. Experiments were conducted on nine different mixtures of clay-sand-gravel under heavy compaction characteristics to measure unsoaked CBR and shear parameters. Clay-sand-gravel mixtures were prepared by mixing clay content to mixture of sand and gravel in varying percentage from 10 to 50% at the increment of 5% by weight. Sand and gravel were mixed in equal proportion by weight. The influence of clay percentage, dry density and moisture content on CBR, cohesion and angle of friction was examined. A functional relationship has been identified to estimate CBR of clay-sand-gravel mixtures. Using multiple linear regression analysis, a relationship is proposed to estimate CBR of clay-sand-gravel mixtures under unsoaked conditions. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, statistical assessment is done to predict the behavior of the variables on CBR. The presented experimental works as well as statistical results are useful in assessing and predicting the performance of subgrade layer in pavement construction.

Experimental Investigation of Beneficial Use of Contaminated Dredged Soil Stabilized/Solidified With GGSS-OPC Mix

Volume 9 Issue 3 June - August 2019

Research Paper

Experimental Investigation of Beneficial Use of Contaminated Dredged Soil Stabilized/Solidified With GGSS-OPC Mix

A. Gupta*, V. K. Arora**, S. Biswas***

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.

*** Department of Civil Engineering, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India.

Gupta, A., Arora, V. K., & Biswas, S. (2019). Experimental Investigation of Beneficial Use of Contaminated Dredged Soil Stabilized/Solidified With Ggss-Opc Mix. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(3), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.3.14839

Abstract

In this study, an attempt has been made to stabilize/solidify (S/S) contaminated dredged soil collected from Najafgarh drain, New Delhi. Such types of soils are often stabilized/solidified by using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as stabilizer. But the major concern with this traditional stabilizer is that its production procedure is energy intensive and contributes to CO2 emissions. Ground Granulated Steel Slag (GGSS) with its cementitious properties can be used as partial replacement of the cement. Hence, in this study, it has been used as OPC replacement and soil stabilizer has been prepared by partially replacing OPC with GGSS (1:1). The laboratory experiments were conducted by adding 4% to 20% of GGSS–OPC mix to the contaminated dredged soil. Results revealed that GGSS-OPC mix effectively S/S the contaminated dredged soil and the results were also better in comparison to S/S with OPC only. On the basis of the performance criteria and results obtained, it has been proposed that the contaminated dredged soil after S/S with GGSS-OPC mix can be beneficially used as a construction material for highway subgrade or sub-base.

A Study on Cost-Effective Measures to Improve Water Distribution for Irrigation Purposes

Volume 9 Issue 3 June - August 2019

Research Paper

A Study on Cost-Effective Measures to Improve Water Distribution for Irrigation Purposes

Kala Naga Mahesh *, Srinivas Manchikanti**

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering (Autonomous), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Mahesh, K. N., & Manchikanti, S. (2019). A Study on Cost-Effective Measures to Improve Water Distribution for Irrigation Purposes. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.3.14730

Abstract

In present days, the cultivation of land at the tail end has reduced, reasons being - insufficient irrigation water and inefficient distribution of canal water to the tail ends. As a result, farmers of Peddapatnam village are unable to carry out cultivation satisfactorily. This study is carried out to address this problem and to provide remedies. Peddapatnam canal is selected as the study area in the present paper. This canal (16°21'35.89"N, 81°15'42.82"E - 16°19'24.92"N, 81°19'46.10"E) is a branch canal of Bantumilli main canal (16°20'37.00"N, 81°3'28.61"E - 16°23'52.02"N, 81°26'13.82"E), located in Krishna district of the Andhra Pradesh State. The water from the canal is the only source for cultivation and groundwater is unsuitable as it contains a large amount of salts. Firstly, the current flows of the Bantumilli canal are found and the total cultivable land in the purview of the canal is determined. Later, a topographic survey is conducted and the longitudinal profile of the canal is drawn. Farmers and irrigation experts (who are familiar with the study area) were interviewed to know the causes and find possible remedies for the problems encountered. The problems identified are, viz., (i) Low maintenance of the canal (ii) Canal being unlined (iii) Absence of protection of side banks (iv) Damage caused by animal movements (v) Siltation (vi) Non-cooperation of some influential farmers. Seepage and evapo-transpiration have also greatly affected the efficiency of canal distribution. Based on the above observations, two recommendations are proposed, viz., (i) Construction of a retaining wall or (ii) Construction of a canal lining. Additionally, it is recommended to install solar panels along the canal to address the power shortage problem of that area. An income of 30 million Indian rupees is realized due to the installation of a canal-top solar plant, for the cash-strapped region under study.

Influence of Patch Location on Damage Detection of Smart Bar using EMI Technique

Volume 9 Issue 2 March - May 2019

Research Paper

Influence of Patch Location on Damage Detection of Smart Bar using EMI Technique

Jakkula Sowjanya*, Mallika Alapati**

* PG Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Sowjanya, J., & Alapati, M. (2019). Influence of Patch Location on Damage Detection of Smart Bar using EMI Technique, i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(2), 62-68. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.2.16147

Abstract

The use of PZT (Piezoelectric Ceramic Lead Zirconate titanate) transducers is increasing in the structural health monitoring in identifying the damage parameters like corrosion, cracks, etc. A Mass and stiffness change due to corrosion in the steel bar is going to influence the structural responses to change. This results in a change of conductance signatures which serve as an indicator of the state of health of the structure. Based on the changes in the conductance signatures of the healthy and damaged bar, the damage extent and location can be identified. In the present study, the conductance signatures of a smart cantilever bar actuated by the PZT patch by voltage excitation are studied. The effect of vibrations on the admittance signatures of the healthy and the corroded smart bar are studied for various patch locations. From the peak shifts of current output obtained for pristine and the corroded bar, it is found that change in EMI signatures serves as a sensitive diagnostic tool in the damage detection and also the patch location plays a significant role in the damage detection.

Modal Analysis of Hyperboloidal Shell Structures

Volume 9 Issue 2 March - May 2019

Research Paper

Modal Analysis of Hyperboloidal Shell Structures

A. Kavya Reddy*, B. D. V. Chandra Mohan Rao**

* Department of Civil Engineering, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Reddy, A. K., & Rao, B. D. V. C. M. (2019). Modal Analysis of Hyperboloidal Shell Structures, i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(2), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.2.16148

Abstract

Hyperboloidal shell structures have applications like cooling towers in thermal power plants. These types of structures have complex geometry and may lead to the failure because of its imperfections in geometry, when subjected to horizontal loads. Geometrical optimization of such structures leads to minimum stresses and deflections and finds out best possible load bearing behavior. This paper deals with the modal analysis of hyperboloidal shell structures of two different heights (143.5 m and 175.5 m). The hyperboloidal shells are modelled by varying height to top diameter ratio (1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5) and height to bottom diameter ratio (1.3, 1.35, 1.4, 1.45, 1.5). Free vibration analysis has been carried out for all the models described above to obtain the fundamental natural time periods / frequencies and mode shapes. This analysis has been carried out using ANSYS and finally, some useful conclusions are drawn.

Effect of Geometric Parameters on Seismic Performance of RC Chimneys

Volume 9 Issue 2 March - May 2019

Research Paper

Effect of Geometric Parameters on Seismic Performance of RC Chimneys

S. Isha Patel*, B. D. V. Chandra Mohan Rao**

* Department of Civil Engineering, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Patel, S. I., & Rao, B. D. V. C. M. (2019). Effect of Geometric Parameters on Seismic Performance of RC Chimneys, i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(2), 46-54. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.2.16150

Abstract

Chimneys are the industrial structures, which are used to exhaust the gases generated during fuel combustion. As the seismic activity has been increasing day by day in the recent days, the analysis of the chimneys has been governed by the lateral loads such as wind and earthquake loads. In the present study, the seismic behaviour of tapered chimneys of different heights (50 m, 65 m, 75 m, and 100 m) with varying Height/ Bottom diameter ratio of the chimney (H/D ratios : 8,10,12,15, and 18) and varying Bottom diameter/ Bottom Shell thickness ratio of the chimney (D/T ratios : 10,15,20,25, and 30) has been investigated using SAP 2000 software. Free vibration analysis has been carried out to obtain the fundamental natural time period and mass participation ratios. Seismic analysis has been carried out using Response spectrum method as per IS 1893 (Part 4):2015. The effect of the geometric parameters of chimneys on dynamic response parameters such as Top displacement, Base shear have been evaluated and some useful conclusions are drawn.

Numerical Modelling Based Impact of Ground Vibrations

Volume 9 Issue 2 March - May 2019

Research Paper

Numerical Modelling Based Impact of Ground Vibrations

Garimella Raghu Chandra*, Vedala Rama Sastry**, S. Parvathy***

* Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Methodist College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** Vice-Chancellor, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University (Government of India), Lonere, Maharashtra, India.

*** PG Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Surathkal, Mangalore, India.

Chandra, G. R., Sastry, V. R., & Parvathy, S. (2019). Numerical Modelling Based Impact of Ground Vibrations, i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(2), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.2.16149

Abstract

The dynamic behavior of canal slope under blast load was assessed using numerical modelling approach based on ground vibration samples. Studies were carried out at Yanakandla Mine, Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh over a period of two months and Blast vibrations were monitored at different distances. Based on the signal processing analysis made, regression based statistical analysis was carried out. In addition, curve fitting analysis made between Peak Particle Velocity of ground vibrations and Scaled Distance resulted in a very good coefficient of determination of about 92% between them. A Distinct Element Modelling technique in 3DEC software was carried out for finding the slope stability analysis of the canal located near the mine by adopting a simplified triangular blasting load. Vertical joint was included in the model and analysis was carried out to determine the influence of joint in the rock mass. It was observed that the Peak Particle Velocity values obtained from numerical modelling are in close approximation to the field investigation results.

Investigations on Seismic Behavior of Bamboo Fibre Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete Exterior Beam Column Joint

Volume 9 Issue 2 March - May 2019

Research Paper

Investigations on Seismic Behavior of Bamboo Fibre Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete Exterior Beam Column Joint

S. Kavitha*, T. Felix Kala**

* Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, ACS College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

** Dean, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Kavitha, S., & Kala, F. T. (2019). Investigations on Seismic Behavior of Bamboo Fibre Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete Exterior Beam Column Joint, i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(2), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.2.14713

Abstract

Structures designed for typical loading often gets damaged or can collapse during severe earthquakes. The beam column joint is the crucial zone in a reinforced concrete moment resisting frame. This paper presents a behavior of the exterior beam column joint, which is analyzed experimentally and numerically using ANSYS software. Understanding the joint behavior is essential in exercising proper judgments in the design of joints. The objective of the present study is to compare the behavior of exterior bamboo fiber reinforced concrete beam-column joint with different modulus of elasticity, which is detailed as per IS 456 and IS 13920. A three-storied RC building in the zone V is analyzed, and one of the exterior beam-column joints at an intermediate storey is designed in ETABS.15. Two one-third scaled specimens and two detailed as per IS 456 were tested under a reverse cyclic loading. The test results indicate failure accrue in bamboo fiber reinforced SCC beam-column joint and helps to compare the failure pattern with conventional SCC concrete replaced with GGBS and alccofine. Enhancements in the performances of beam-column joints for cyclic loading for different modulus of elasticity (E) values were also observed and nonlinear analysis is carried out in ANSYS software.

Missing Discharge Data Filling with Artificial Neural Network

Volume 9 Issue 2 March - May 2019

Research Paper

Missing Discharge Data Filling with Artificial Neural Network

Janhabi Meher*

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, VSSUT, Burla, Odisha, India.

Meher, J. (2019). Missing Discharge Data Filling with Artificial Neural Network, i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(2), 24-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.2.14657

Abstract

Artificial Neural Network has been widely used for filling in missing nonlinear data and successfully employed in the hydrologic applications. In this study, Artificial Neural Network is applied to fill in missing discharge data of nineteen discharge stations of Mahanadi river basin located at Chhattisgarh and Odisha in India for the five monsoon months (June-October). However, the overall performance of ANN generally depends on selection of input and output datasets, called input data selection method. The input data selection method applied in this study is using data as input having good (r≥0.9) correlation coefficients with target data. It was observed that coefficient of determination (R2) between observed discharge and predicted discharge for the nineteen stations varied from 0.148-0.954, 0.250-0.991, 0.026- 0.972, 0.148-0.972, and 0.213-0.985 for the months of June, July, August, September, and October, respectively. Predicted discharge of a particular station for a particular month having correlation greater than 0.9 with very few numbers of stations or with no station showed very low match with the observed discharge of that station. Therefore, it can be concluded that Artificial Neural Network requires sufficiently large number of inputs to accurately predict the target.

Performance Evaluation of Toll Plazas using Queuing Theory

Volume 9 Issue 2 March - May 2019

Research Paper

Performance Evaluation of Toll Plazas using Queuing Theory

R. Srinivasa Kumar*, K. Vasudha**, P. V. S. Koteswar Rao***, K. Smitha****

* Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, UCE, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** Graduate, Department of Civil Engineering, Matrusri Engineering College, Saidabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

*** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Matrusri Engineering College, Saidabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

**** Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Matrusri Engineering College, Saidabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Kumar, S. R., Vasudha, K., Rao, P. V. S. K., & Smitha, K. (2019). Performance Evaluation of Toll Plazas using Queuing Theory, i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(2), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.2.14674

Abstract

Ever increasing vehicle traffic has over loaded on the performance of toll collecting plazas. Manual toll collection and Electronic toll collection methods are the most commonly adopted methods of toll collection in India along various sections of National Highways and Expressways, which were constructed and maintained on Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode. Manually operated toll collection at such plazas can be very difficult, especially during peak travel times, particularly during festivals. It is difficult to manage the queue and assign the required number of toll collecting gates operating in order to allow vehicles quickly and safely. Due to this reason, electronic toll collection servers are the best, but they are being less used by many drivers and still use manual toll collection. This results the drivers compelled to stop in front of the server for payment and create long queues and demand more number of toll collecting servers. To overcome this problem, this research has focused on to determine the performance evaluation of a few electronic toll collection and manual toll collection gates on National Highway (NH) 65 and Outer Ring Road. The arrival rate, service rate, delays, and the queue length data were collected. The arrival rates were input into a passion distribution based queuing model to determine the performance parameters of toll plazas and also the required number of servers at the study plazas.

Acid and Sulphate Resistance of Limestone Blended Pervious Concrete

Volume 9 Issue 2 March - May 2019

Research Paper

Acid and Sulphate Resistance of Limestone Blended Pervious Concrete

Rekha Singh*, Sanjay Goel**

* Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, I.K.G Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, DAV Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

Singh, R., & Goel, S. (2019). Acid and Sulphate Resistance of Limestone Blended Pervious Concrete, i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(2), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.2.15130

Abstract

This research study investigates the durability properties of pervious concrete mixture as porosity with interconnected network of pores causes a significant decrease in its strength and resistance against chemical and physical attacks. This study is focused on the degradation of cement base material submitted to sulphate and acid attack. The pH of the solution was controlled at 1 and variation in mass was monitored with respect to time. Durability tests in laboratory were performed to judge the performance of pervious concrete made by blended cement containing limestone powder, silica fume, and metakaolin. The testing program includes abrasion, sulphate, and acid resistance. The test results were compared to the theoretical hypotheses. Durability of pervious concrete exposed to sulphate and acid has been studied on specimen fully submerged in 5% sodium sulphate solution and 1% sulphuric acid solution respectively for 180 days. The study of partial replacement of cement by limestone blends shows that the ternary blends show good improvement against effect of sulphate and acid attack and presents good option of replacement as a substitution in pervious concrete. Due to densification of microstructure of cement paste in ternary blends, abrasion resistance is also improved.

Investigating Urban Industrialization and the Creation of Heat Islands

Volume 9 Issue 2 March - May 2019

Research Article

Investigating Urban Industrialization and the Creation of Heat Islands

Amin Zoratipour *, Marjan Firoozy Nejad**

* Assistant Professor, Department of Nature Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran.

** Instructor, Department of Nature Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran.

Zoratipour, A., & Nejad, M. F. (2019). Investigating Urban Industrialization and the Creation of Heat Islands. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.2.14865

Abstract

In general, population growth, urbanization, and the industrialization of cities have an important effect on air temperature in the area. To study land use and temperature changes, Landsat 8 satellite images were used for the years 1991 and 2016 at the beginning and end of a 25-year period, and after reprocessing, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification and Vegetation Index (NDVI) were applied. The Kappa coefficient index (for 1991=0.88, and 2016=0.92) and overall accuracy (for 1991=90.90, and 2016=93.75) were used to assess the accuracy of the classification. Results showed that vegetation, water, and land were decreased by 16.14, 6.12, and 13.51 percentages, respectively and urban and road areas were increased by 28.4 and 7.33 percentages, respectively. On average, real and estimated temperatures were increased by 3.7 and 4.52 °C during the period, respectively. Also, the RMSE (1.26) represents an incremental direct relationship between industrialization and LST.

Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Reinforced Concrete Structures

Volume 9 Issue 1 December - February 2019

Research Paper

Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Reinforced Concrete Structures

Ravikant Singh*, Vinay Kumar Singh**, Mahesh Yadav***

*,*** M.Tech Graduate, Department of Civil Engineering, MMM University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, MMM University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Singh, R., Singh, V. K., & Yadav, M. (2019). Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Reinforced Concrete Structures. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14592

Abstract

If the building structure is not properly designed and constructed according to IS codal provisions, it causes more damages and destruction of the human property, and also loss of living creatures. It is recommended that the structure should be properly analyzed, designed, and constructed with good quality material, so it has become safe to resist the earthquake load. Seismic analysis of the building structure is carried out to determine the seismic response of structure by using Time history analysis method. In this research paper, seismic analysis of a multi-storey building structure is done. The response of the building is analyzed for various seismic loading. ETABs (Extended Three-dimensional Analysis of Building System) software is used for modeling of the building. By using time history method, we can analyze the base shear, displacement, and storey drift of the building. The comparison is done with equivalent static analysis also to know the variation in results. Matlab program is also used for performing the Time history analysis of the building using Elcentro seismic data.

Optimization Of Rural Roads Network Of Vikarabad Bus Depot Transportation Operation

Volume 9 Issue 1 December - February 2019

Research Paper

Optimization Of Rural Roads Network Of Vikarabad Bus Depot Transportation Operation

Ramesh Joriga*, R. Srinivasa Kumar**

* Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Government Polytechnic, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Joriga, R., & Kumar, S. (2019). Optimization of Rural Roads Network of Vikarabad Bus Depot Transportation Operation. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14633

Abstract

Topography maps prepared by survey organizations are major source of road network for any area across the world. Thematic maps showing the road network could be generated from such topography maps in the scales ranging from 1:250,000 to 1:25,000. These road maps will represent the connectivity of all the major settlements, but cannot represent few settlements (villages) in certain areas particularly, in coastal parts where the density of settlements (villages) is very high. This is due to the limitation of scale at which these maps were originally prepared. Route maps for any long routes can be derived by utilizing these maps. But planning and designing of bus route services for limited distances in the rural areas where the density of villages is high, the topo maps would not be ideal while considering the best local connectivity. The study was identified by keeping the need of reliable information of image locations put together with road connectivity in rural areas. It was observed that the concern authorities, i.e., the Road Transport Corporation (RTC) are depending up on the not-to-scale maps or Survey of India (SOI) prepared topography maps for design and planning of the Bus service routes. Such input sources could not provide the representation of interior villages/hamlets on the maps due to scale limitations.

The present study is an attempt to create large scaled reliable road network map desired by a local transport unit called a bus depot or regional management, which could be used as a reliable scientific input to the Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC) Planning Department. These maps are used for identifying the unconnected settlements and invention of new routes, based on population analysis. This study could be a model work with redefined and accurate bus routes of both long route and local services in the study area. For example, Vikarabad bus depot of Rangareddy (old) District in Telangana State. The Geographic Information System (GIS) based route maps would enable the concerned officials to plan, design and run their public transport services (RTC Buses) as per the public requirement/ convenient and to achieve better revenues to the corporation.

Performance Evaluation of a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) (300 KLD Capacity) for the Treatment of Domestic Wastewater at the Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital (RRMCH)

Volume 9 Issue 1 December - February 2019

Research Paper

Performance Evaluation of a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) (300 KLD Capacity) for the Treatment of Domestic Wastewater at the Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital (RRMCH)

Babitha*, Nethravathi M. C**, Shruti***

*Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, RajaRajeswari College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

**-*** Student, Department of Civil Engineering, RajaRajeswari College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Babitha, M., Nethravathi, M. C., & Shruti (2019). Performance Evaluation of STP (300 KLD Capacity) for the treatment of Domestic Wastewater at RRMCH. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14421

Abstract

The urbanization in Metropolitan cities like Bangalore due to growth in population, increasing the demand of providing basic requirements such as safe drinking water, sanitation and infrastructure. The efficiency of the RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital (RRMCH) domestic Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), Bangalore will be worked out during the entire project. The selected parameters were pH, Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Cake Resistance (RC), and Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS)/Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids (MLVSS). The treated and non-treated samples were collected every Thursday and Friday for 5 days and were tested in the RajaRajeswari College of Engineering (RRCE) laboratory. The concentration of varies water quality parameters are related with the Wastewater disposal standards of BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards).Removal of Biological characteristics is also examined. Additionally, the problems associated with the operation and maintenance of the wastewater treatment plant is discussed, and suitable recommendations have been made to reactivate the sewage treatment plant and to help the RRMCH organization reuse the sewage water effectively.

Nonlinear Dynamic and Probabilistic Risk Analysis of Titanium Marine Riser

Volume 9 Issue 1 December - February 2019

Research Paper

Nonlinear Dynamic and Probabilistic Risk Analysis of Titanium Marine Riser

Rizwan Ahmad Khan *, Atul Singla**, Atul Goyal ***

* Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Z. H College of Engineering and Technology, A.M.U, Aligarh, India.

**,*** Graduate, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

Khan, R. A., Singla, A., & Goyal, A (2019). Nonlinear Dynamic and Probabilistic Risk Analysis of Titanium Marine Riser. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14575

Abstract

Titanium has numerous good properties such as high strength, high corrosion resistance and it has low density allowing weight savings thus making it attractive for using in construction of Marine Risers[8]. This paper presents the dynamic and probabilistic analysis of Titanium Riser under the loadings caused by random sea waves of different heights. The dynamic analysis of riser is done by finite element analysis method using ABAQUS/AQUA. Using the Fracture Mechanics model and stress vs number of cycles (S-N) model various sea states were investigated and reliability of Titanium Riser under deep sea has been estimated. The approach based on reliability considers various uncertainties which helps to make effective designs of risers. Results are presented which shows variation of bending stress of riser with the variation in depth of riser. The stress-time history and PSD (Power Spectral Density) curves shows the effect of nonlinearities on bending stress. The variation of reliability index due to various uncertainties are also presented.

Implementation of Translucent Concrete in Green Buildings to Economize Energy Utilization

Volume 9 Issue 1 December - February 2019

Research Paper

Implementation of Translucent Concrete in Green Buildings to Economize Energy Utilization

Nadeem Gulzar Shahmir *, Manzoor Ahmad Tantray **

* Research Scholar, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, J&K, India.

** Professor, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, J&K, India.

Shahmir, N. G., & Tantary, M. A (2019). Implementation of Translucent Concrete in Green Buildings to Economize Energy Utilization. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.15337

Abstract

Building where we have less utilization of coerced or artificial energy (energy efficient building) is kenned as green building. Buildings consume a plethora of electrical energy for lighting purport which enforced us to bring something incipient that will directly sanction natural light inside the buildings. By introducing plastic optical fibers in conventional concrete along the cross-sectional area the natural sunlight will directly bring in. In this paper, we will exhaustively study a three story building each floor having four rooms omitting corridors, washrooms, staircases and toilets. We will calculate the energy utilized by the building for lighting purport and compare the same building for economization of energy, where we will utilize plastic optical fibers in minimum at two walls per room of 2mm diameter at 202 divests of plastic optical fibers in one square foot. Additionally we will check for the compressive vigor of the translucent concrete and compare with conventional concrete.

Geotechnical Characterization of Site for Deep Excavation Analysis

Volume 9 Issue 1 December - February 2019

Research Paper

Geotechnical Characterization of Site for Deep Excavation Analysis

G. Padmanabhan*, G. Sasikala**, A. Ravisankar ***

*Scientific Officer, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam & Research Scholar Homi Bhabha National Institute, India

**Scientific Officer, Head, Material Mechanics Section, IGCAR , Kalpakkam & Professor, Homi Bhabha National Institute,India.

***Project Director, Fast Reactor Fuel Cycle Facility (FRFCF), Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India.

Padmanabhan, G., Sasikala, G., & Ravisankar, A (2019). Geotechnical Characterization of Site for Deep Excavation Analysis. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.15371

Abstract

Evaluation of stiffness and strength characteristics of soil is an important aspect in characterization of sites for deep excavation and require as input for defining constitutive relations in finite element software. These properties are often obtained from correlations of Standard Penetration Test (N) values. These correlations were developed for various soil conditions from different site and show a wide variation and can influence the prediction of deep excavation behavior. In this paper, strength parameters of soil were determined from a site specific study and stiffness parameters were derived from exisring empirical correlations. Displacement of a deep excavation was predicted in a finite element software PLAXIS and compared with field observed displacement. The analysis highlighted importance of accurate determination of stiffness parameters in predicting deep excavation behavior and a site specific correlation between stiffness and SPT N value was developed for sandy soil which can be used for predicting deep excavation behavior in similar sites.

Geotechnical Assessment through Statistical Analysis of District Bathinda, Punjab, India

Volume 9 Issue 1 December - February 2019

Research Paper

Geotechnical Assessment through Statistical Analysis of District Bathinda, Punjab, India

Parveen Chander*, Rajiv Chauhan **, J. N. Jha ***, Rajesh Kumar****

*Research Scholar IKG Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

** Department of Civil Engineering, IKG Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

*** Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India.

**** Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh, India.

Chander, P., Chauhan, R., Kumar, R., & Jha, J. N (2019). Geotechnical Assessment through Statistical Analysis of District Bathinda, Punjab, India. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.15683

Abstract

Geotechnical site investigation database is very important in reconnaissance phase of construction projects. It can be utilized as potential contributions for planning, designing, and execution of infrastructure projects. Representing correct subsurface conditions and profile of soil properties is still a very difficult issue confronting geotechnical engineers. The present research work is a step toward preparing geotechnical database of different soil properties at various depths of District Bathinda of Punjab state in India.

The Standard Penetration Tests were conducted for the area under study. Soil samples were collected from the boreholes for evaluating engineering properties of soil up to depth of 9.0 m from existing ground surface. The statistical analysis was also done for the data collected from 99 locations distributed widely over different parts of District Bathinda. The analysis has been done for soil type, N-value, bulk density, and shear strength parameters (Angle of internal resistance and Cohesion) of soil along with the water table encountered during soil exploration.

The results show that soil profile consists of silt to silty sand from 1.5 to 9.0 m depth with bulk density varying from 1.67 gm/cc to 1.78 gm/cc for the studied region. The SPT N value, which is 17.4 shows significant soil strength at 9.0 m depth. The shear strength parameters, i.e. the average angle of internal friction varies from 26.90 to 31.100 with negligible value of cohesion along the depth of exploration.

Use of Crushed Rock Sand as an Alternative to River Sand in Bacterial Concrete

Volume 9 Issue 1 December - February 2019

Research Paper

Use of Crushed Rock Sand as an Alternative to River Sand in Bacterial Concrete

C. Venkata Siva Rama Prasad*, T. V. S. Vara Lakshmi **

*Research Scholar,Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering & Technology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

**Asst.Professor & Head,Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering & Technology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Prasad, C. V. S. R., & Lakshmi, T.V.S.V(2019). Use of Crushed Rock Sand as an Alternative to River Sand in Bacterial Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14341

Abstract

Bacterial concrete has emerged as a corrective measure for treating cracks in structures such as bridges, RCC buildings, RCC pipes, channel linings, flooring, etc. it cracks and reduces its resistance and also has an impact on the reinforcement once it has come into contact with water, carbon dioxide and various chemicals. To repair cracks in concrete, regular maintenance and special treatment is required, which can be extremely costly. In this paper, Bacillus subtilis bacteria with calcite lactate are used as part of different percentages, such as 5%, 10% and 15% of cement weight for M20 grade concrete. The effect of crushed rock sand on the strength properties of bacterial concrete studied. SEM and X-Ray Diffraction examined on concrete. Bacteria produce CaCO3 precious stones which hinders the smaller scale cracks and pores in the concrete subsequent to responding with calcium lactate.Upto 10%bacterial solution,the concrete strength increses. An empirical relation between flexural strength and compressive strength is proposed in the formula of ft = 0.66 √fck for river sand mixes and ft = 0.82fck0.48 for crushed rock sand .