Numerical Modelling of Pull Out Resistance of Anchored Stone Column in Soft Clay

Vol.4  No.1

Year: 2014

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title : Numerical Modelling of Pull Out Resistance of Anchored Stone Column in Soft Clay

Author Name : Chokhawala H. N, Desai. D. J , Rudani S. V. , SHAH R. D. , Raval K. J. , Dr. Yogendra Tandel

Synopsis :

Ground improvement refers to a technique that improves the engineering properties of the soil like shear strength, stiffness and permeability. Stone column is one of the ground improvement techniques often applied due to its low cost, environment friendly and ease in construction. Stone column are employed to resist the compressive loads. They are not capable to resist uplift pressure. Stone column modified with anchor at the base of the stone column refers to as Anchored Stone Column (ASC). ASC can resist uplift pressure addition to compressive load. An anchor placed at the base of the stone column and attached to the footing by a cable or rod transfer the applied force to the bottom of the stone column. This paper demonstrates the result from two dimensional finite element analysis, using PLAXIS 2D software, under taken on a typical unit cell model. The study will investigate the ability of ASC to resist uplift force and failure modes. The parametric study consider the effect of length to diameter ratio of stone column, area replacement ratio, stiffness of the stone column material to that of soil surrounding the stone column.

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Quantitative CT-Scan Imaging Approach in Determining The Air Voids and Aggregate Content in Concrete

Vol.4  No.1

Year: 2014

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title : Quantitative CT-Scan Imaging Approach in Determining The Air Voids and Aggregate Content in Concrete

Author Name : Arash Razmjoo, Amir Poursaee

Synopsis :

Regardless of using high quality cement and aggregates in concrete mixture, improper mixing, placement, finishing and curing practices can negatively impact the quality of concrete and cause a premature failure, or development of defects. Uneven distribution of the ingredients such as clustering of coarse aggregates, air voids or un-hydrated cement particles, significant variation in paste density, and insufficient compaction are the main results of the inadequate mixing. Microscopic analysis is the most common technique for identifying such problems due to mixing. However, this method is limited by three main issues: (i) relatively long time is required for sample preparation and performing the test, (ii) the information is obtained in 2D and just from one section, and (iii) the technique relies on the experience of the operator. To minimize these restrictions in this research, Quantitative Computer Tomography (QCT) scanning method is used as a powerful alternative to the microscopic examination to analyze the coarse aggregates and air voids in concrete samples. A computer code was developed which enables the users to perform all measurements automatically in a short period of time. Results are in very good agreement with the conventional microscopic technique. The accuracy, rapid performance and personnel independency of this method make it a promising technique for assessment, failure analysis, forensic investigations and quality control of the bridge deck concrete cores as well as laboratory samples.

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Foam Concrete - A Better Replacement To The Traditional Heavy Concrete

Vol.4  No.1

Year: 2014

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title : Foam Concrete - A Better Replacement To The Traditional Heavy Concrete

Author Name : Shreya Thusoo, Ayush Rai, Maiti.P.R

Synopsis :

This paper gives an introduction to a new form of concrete called foam concrete which is manufactured by mixing a cement paste or slurry with a manufactured foam material. It is a revolutionary new cementing material which is both lightweight and strong. Here the technique of cast in-situ foam concrete preparation, use of fly ash as a filler material in foam concrete and a comparative study of heat insulation capacity of foam concrete to other commonly used construction materials has been presented. The paper discusses the changes in the property of foam concrete because of the use of different graded sands and different water-solid ratios. Its uses and advantages over other construction materials have also been enlisted.

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Application Of Transparent Concrete In Construction World

Vol.4  No.1

Year: 2014

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title : Application Of Transparent Concrete In Construction World

Author Name : Ramansh Bajpai

Synopsis :

The transparent concrete is one of the greatest discoveries in construction world. Nowadays, as theatricality with durability is the major requirement for any structural element, transparent concrete meets both the criteria. The transparent concrete is produced from fine grained concrete and translucent fibers casted in layer. Because of the small amount of fabric and solidity, it is similar to high strength concrete, almost free energy loss and light penetration through optic fibers makes to see light, shadow and colors. So it is highly useful in skyscrapers and for decorative purposes. It is a combination of optical fibers and concrete. A wall made of transparent concrete has the strength of traditional concrete but thanks to an embedded array of optical glass fibers, which lets in the view of the outside world, such as the shadow of trees, or passersby, that are displayed inside the building. It is a bit cheaper and one of the major advantages of this concrete is that it is eco-friendly, aesthetic and saves energy too. As the height of the building increases or there are many skyscrapers within a confined area, use of ordinary concrete which is very dense, make rooms dark which may have ill effects in the building. Hence, transparent concrete can be used which allows light to pass through it. White or colorful illumination elements can be utilized to create special light and color effects. The phenomenon of light transmitting concrete in the form of widely applicable new building materials is accepted

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Durability Studies On Steel Fiber- Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete

Vol.4  No.1

Year: 2014

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title : Durability Studies On Steel Fiber- Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete

Author Name : M.S. Shreenivas Reddy, P. Srinivas Rao

Synopsis :

This paper presents an experimental study on the durability properties of steel fiber reinforced self compacting concrete[3,14]. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of steel fibers on weight loss (in acidic and alkaline environment) and permeability of steel fiber reinforced self compacting concrete (SFR-SCC)[5]. The variables considered were grade of concrete (M35, M45, M55 and M65) and fiber content (0, 0.5 and 1 percent). The ordinary Portland cement and fly-ash[6] were used as the main ingredients. It was observed that the weight loss reduced and chloride ion penetration increased with the increase in the value of fiber content, further, it was also noticed that the value decreases with the increase in the value of compressive strength of SCC.

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Study On The Effect Of Quartz Sand And Hybrid Fibers On The Properties Of Fresh And Hardened High Strength Self Compacting Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Vol.3  No.4

Year: 2013

Issue: Sep-Nov

Title : Study On The Effect Of Quartz Sand And Hybrid Fibers On The Properties Of Fresh And Hardened High Strength Self Compacting Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Author Name : B.Narendra Kumar, srinivasa rao Putti

Synopsis :

In today's world, there is a huge demand for infrastructure in less space and with high altitudes. For such heavy structures, the space between the reinforcing bars is very less. To overcome these problems High Strength Self Compacting Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HSSCFRC) is developed. To pump concrete for higher altitudes and compact itself, SCC properties are used. To build heavy structures in less space high strength is required. So that M grade of concrete are 100 being developed in India. The finer filler particles like micro silica and quartz powder increase the strength. Quartz in crystalline form is an inert material, but in amorphous form the silica reacts with the calcium hydroxide (which is the waste product) to form gel. The gel formed holds the aggregate and therefore a good bond is formed. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete mixtures in which fine aggregate was replaced with Quartz Sand. Quartz Sand was replaced in six percentages i.e. 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of fine aggregate by weight. Tests were performed for properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength were determined at 7, 28 and 90 days. Test results indicate significant improvement in the strength properties of high strength self compacting concrete by the inclusion of Quartz Sand as complete replacement of fine aggregate and can be effectively used in structural concrete.

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Distortional Analysis of Laminated Composite Box Girders

Vol.3  No.4

Year: 2013

Issue: Sep-Nov

Title : Distortional Analysis of Laminated Composite Box Girders

Author Name : Shitalkumar Chaudhari, Akhil Upadhyay

Synopsis :

Analysis of longitudinal bending and pure torsion can be made by means of elementary theories while distortional effects in the box girders cannot be predicted by these theories. The distortional action of the box girder consists of (a) transverse deformation and (b) longitudinal deformation (warping). Laminated composites, which are of orthotropic nature were initially limited to aerospace applications, but now gradually they are being applied in structural applications. The orthotropic nature of FRP has to be taken into consideration in all these analysis. The effect of orthotropy due to fiber orientations is studied by changing the orthotropy ratio of different elements of the FRP single- cell box beam subjected to the distortional loading. Similarly, the effect of cross-sectional parameters on the distortional stresses is also studied. All these analysis is carried out by using the FEM package ANSYS 7.1. Then BEF charts are developed for 0, ± 45, 90 fiber orientations of the box beam and these charts are validated for different cross-sections as well as different geometrical properties.

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A Web-Based Approach For Construction Management Information System

Vol.3  No.4

Year: 2013

Issue: Sep-Nov

Title : A Web-Based Approach For Construction Management Information System

Author Name : Ravish Kumar, F. Rajak

Synopsis :

Technical advancements in construction over the years have allowed us to build faster, safer and bigger. But the goal remains the same- completion of a quality product on time and within budget. To achieve this goal, the management needs to know the progress of the project in a timely and accurate manner. That is how the project progresses, where they are currently in comparison to the initially set plans, whether the deadlines are met, budgets are respected etc. Managing a major project is almost impossible without a comprehensive management plan and a functional Construction Management Information System (CMIS), which is dynamic in nature. The present paper aims to develop a system for the project personnel in construction projects to collaborate on Web to improve the management of the exchanged information. CMIS is a tool to help the project manager as the decision maker in the project site. This system will provide the information needed by project manager to execute his job. CMIS is based on database. The scope of this dissertation is to analyze and systemize the information needs of project personnel in Building Construction Department and apply CMIS to enhance the problem solving and information management abilities of construction site management personnel. The project planning and scheduling has been analysed using the commercial software package Primavera Project Planner. A web based approach has been chosen for CMIS implementation. This approach allows the user to access CMIS from anywhere with user name and password through the internet. It provides several user interfaces which are not new for the construction personnel. CMIS just transfers these user interfaces into an online system. Finally CMIS is applied to a live project, as a case study.

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Workability And Strength Characteristics Of Self Compacting Concrete Subjected To Sustained Elevated Temperatures

Vol.3  No.4

Year: 2013

Issue: Sep-Nov

Title : Workability And Strength Characteristics Of Self Compacting Concrete Subjected To Sustained Elevated Temperatures

Author Name : Shanthappa B.C, Prahallada M.C , Prakash K.B

Synopsis :

This paper presents an assessment of effect of sustained temperatures on strength properties of self compacting concrete produced by the combination of admixtures (Superplasticizer + Viscosity modifying admixture + Air entraining agent + Water proofing compound). The concrete testing specimens were prepared by a mix proportion 1:2.7:6.1:5.1 with cement: fly ash: sand: coarse aggregate with a water/binder ratio of 0.38 and water cured for 28days. After 28days of curing the specimens were kept in oven at required temperature (100oC, 200oC, 800oC and 900oC) for 4 hrs at constant temperatures. The specimens after cooling were weighed again to find the percentage loss of weight and were thoroughly observed for their change in colour and cracks. These specimens were tested for their respective strengths like compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength and impact strength for different percentage addition of last admixture. SCC produced with the combination of admixtures show better resistance to elevated temperatures. The results obtained were compared with the corresponding properties of normal concrete with the same water, cement and air content.

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Experimental Study On Crumb Rubber Hollow Concrete Block

Vol.3  No.4

Year: 2013

Issue: Sep-Nov

Title : Experimental Study On Crumb Rubber Hollow Concrete Block

Author Name : Senthil Vadivel Thiyagarajan, M. Doddurani , R. Thenmozhi

Synopsis :

Accumulation of discarded scrap tyres are non- biodegradable and have been a major concern. Even after a long – period of land fill treatment unmanaged waste tyre poses environmental and health risk through fire hazard and as a breeding ground for disease carrying mosquitoes. Therefore utilization of crumb rubber from this scrap tyres for the production of building materials in the construction industry would help to preserve the natural resources and also maintain the ecological balance. The study reported in this paper is a development of Crumb Rubber Hollow Concrete Block (CRHCB). The main objective of this paper is to investigate the mechanical properties of hollow blocks at hardened state obtained by a partial substitution of fine and coarse aggregates with different volume percentages of waste tyres rubber particles having the same dimensions of replaced aggregates. Density, water absorption and compressive strength were evaluated and comparison of results of CRHCB with the Conventional Hollow Blocks (CHB) was made. Moreover a preliminary geometrical, physical and mechanical characterization on scrap tyre rubber shreds were made. The CRHCB showed lower unit weight compared to conventional specimens. The results of compressive strength of CRHCB are slightly lesser when replacing coarse aggregate rather than fine aggregate. Also theoretical model on normalized compressive strength versus percentage replacement of rubber shreds is also presented. It has been found that CRHCB can be produced as load – bearing hollow blocks as well as light weight hollow blocks.

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Analysis And Adaptation Of An Environmental Assessment Tool For India

Vol.3 No.3

Year : 2013

Issue: Jun-Aug

Title : Analysis And Adaptation Of An Environmental Assessment Tool For India

Author Name : Darshan Devendrappa, Rachel Horn

Synopsis :

Sustainable development is generally reflected as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future. It has become very hard to meet with the growing infrastructure and exploitation of resources, without the consideration of serious risks caused to the environment. Carbon emissions from various sources contribute to Global warming causing erratic weather conditions, rising temperature and climate change leading to large scale negative effects to the planet. Therefore the growth of infrastructure which inevitably cannot be stopped can still be measured and kept under boundaries of safe limits aiding in the reduction of environmental impacts. This can be achieved by the use of Environmental Assessment tools to measure the sustainability of a product in a built environment. The development of these tools is mainly influenced by the country of its origin and on the region it is used extensively, making it difficult in adopting the same tool for different scenarios around the world. A survey has been conducted among people related to the construction industry in India to get a better understanding of their perceptions to these assessment tools. From the findings of the survey and data gathered it has been recommended that LEED 2009 for New construction and Major Renovations as more appropriate for Indian conditions with certain customized changes in its environmental issues.

Experimental Studies Of Local Scour At Cylindrical Pier Fitted With Collar

Vol.3 No.3

Year : 2013

Issue: Jun-Aug

Title : Experimental Studies Of Local Scour At Cylindrical Pier Fitted With Collar

Author Name : sabita madhvi singh, P. R. Maiti

Synopsis :

Flow in an open channel with an erodible bed is usually accompanied by transport of sediments. Scour may occur as a result of natural changes of flow in the channel or as a result of man-made activities, such as construction of bridge pier structures in river bed. The present study aims to investigate the intense of local scour around circular pier fitted with collar. For this purpose, experiments are carried out in the laboratory flume. The channel of the bed is prepared by laying uniform size of Ganga sand. In this study, the sand bed in the open channel is similar to erodible bed with two rigid wall boundary of the flume. The two collars are used with dimensions 2D and 3D with eccentric to the cylindrical pier, where D is the diameter of cylindrical pier. The effect of collar on scour is studied experimentally and presented. The efficiency of reduction of scouring is observed when the pier is fitted with collar.

Development and Characterization of Developed Foamed Carbon Fiber Composite -Review Paper

Vol.3 No.3

Year : 2013

Issue: Jun-Aug

Title : Development and Characterization of Developed Foamed Carbon Fiber Composite -Review Paper

Author Name : Radha Raman Mishra, Rajesh S , A.K.Sharma , Dr. A K Jha

Synopsis :

The major trends, advance materials which well known for better weight to strength ratio are on demand. The carbon fiber composites materials are copse to advance material those categories, satisfying modern design requirements and application range from domestic appliances to aerospace, however, the cost of production is major concern in development of composite materials. In the present studies the wax cylinders are used as foaming agent and get evaporated after sintering and leaves pores structure. The composites were developed using hand lay-up method. Investigation was carried out to understand the mechanical property, machining behaviors while drilling and microstructure observation of developed composite. It is observed that, developed composite greatly absorbing impact load and found marginal delimitation. The microstructure observation shows that, there is no dislodge bond between the fibers.

Properties Of Self Compacting Concrete Subjected To Sustained Elevated Temperatures

Vol.3 No.3

Year : 2013

Issue: Jun-Aug

Title : Properties Of Self Compacting Concrete Subjected To Sustained Elevated Temperatures

Author Name : Shanthappa. B. C., Prahallada M.C , Prakash K.B

Synopsis :

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of high temperature on the properties of SCC produced by the combination of admixtures (Superplasticizer + Viscosity modifying admixture + Air entraining agent + Retarder). The concrete testing specimens was prepared by a mix proportion 1:2.7:6.1:5.1 with cement: fly ash: sand: coarse aggregate with a water/binder ratio of 0.38. After 28 days of curing all specimens were removed and weighed 0 0 0 0 accurately and kept in the oven where they were subjected to 100 C, 200 C, 800 C and 900 C as the case may be for 4 hours. The specimens after cooling were weighed again to find the percentage loss of weight and were thoroughly observed for their change in colour and cracks. These specimens were tested for their respective strengths for different percentage addition of last admixture. SCC produced with the combination of admixtures show better resistance to elevated temperatures.

Effect Of Different Curing Methods On The Properties Of Waste Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete

Vol.3 No.3

Year : 2013

Issue: Jun-Aug

Title : Effect Of Different Curing Methods On The Properties Of Waste Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete

Author Name : Prahallada M.C, Prakash K.B

Synopsis :

The main objective of this experimental investigation is to find out the effect of different curing techniques on the strength and shrinkage properties of concrete containing waste plastic fibre. The primary variables considered in the study are immersion curing; accelerated curing and curing by curing compound are selected. In addition to this effect of deviational curing (immersion curing and delayed curing) on strength and shrinkage properties of concrete containing waste plastic fibre are studied. The shrinkage properties are studied with respect to maximum length of crack, maximum width of crack, number of cracks and area of cracks. The waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete show better performance with respect to compressive strength, flexural strength and shrinkage characteristics in immersion curing than in accelerated curing and curing by curing compound.