Traffic Growth Rate Estimation Using Transport Demand Elasticity Method: A Case Study For National Highway-63

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Mar-May

Title : Traffic Growth Rate Estimation Using Transport Demand Elasticity Method: A Case Study For National Highway-63

Author Name : Hemanth.M Kamplimath, varun m

Synopsis :

With the recent thrust on improving and developing highways for boosting National Economy, the importance of Traffic Demand Forecasting (TDF) has increased significantly as the forecasted traffic volume contributes substantially in engineering design, economic and financial viabilities of highway improvement projects. Therefore, estimation of traffic growth rates and its related issues is concerned primarily to improve the rationality of traffic forecast is of prime importance. In the present Paper, the complete process of Traffic Growth Estimation (TGE)by Transport Demand Elasticity Method even when available data is inaccurate or even missing, merits and demerits of various methods of obtaining traffic growth factors and critical issues associated in the process have been addressed and demonstrated through a case study. It has been revealed that with the constraints of availability of proper data and fluctuation of developing economy, the task of Traffic Growth Estimation could be quite subjective and approximate. Different approaches and necessary considerations for improving the rationality of traffic growth rate have also been addressed in the paper.

Characteristics Of Self Compacting Concrete Subjected To Sustained Elevated Temperatures

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Mar-May

Title : Characteristics Of Self Compacting Concrete Subjected To Sustained Elevated Temperatures

Author Name : Shanthappa B.C, Prahallada M.C , Prakash K.B

Synopsis :

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of high temperature on the properties of SCC produced by the combination of admixtures (Superplasticizer + Viscosity modifying admixture + Air entraining agent + Accelerator). The concrete testing specimens was prepared by a mix proportion 1:2.7:6.1:5.1 with cement: fly ash: sand: coarse aggregate with a water/binder ratio of 0.38. After 28 days of curing all specimens were removed and 0 0 0 0 weighed accurately and kept in oven where they were subjected to 100 C, 200 C, 800 C and 900 C as the case may be for 4 hours. The specimens after cooling were weighed again to find the percentage loss of weight and were thoroughly observed for their change in colour and cracks. These specimens were tested for their respective strengths for different percentage addition of last admixture. SCC produced with the combination of admixtures show better resistance to elevated temperatures.

Determination Of Redundancy In Structures Using Interval Uncertainty Analysis

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Mar-May

Title : Determination Of Redundancy In Structures Using Interval Uncertainty Analysis

Author Name : Mehdi Modares, Sayeh Amirshaghaghi

Synopsis :

Existence of redundancy in structures plays an important role in increasing their safety and reliability. However, using state-of-the-art deterministic and probabilistic approaches, all possibilities for estimation of redundancy (e.g. due to occurrence of different damage scenarios) have not been considered. One of the methods to quantify the presence of uncertainties in a system is to use interval variables. In this work, a new method for estimating the redundancy using interval structural analysis is developed. This method, hereafter referred to as Interval Redundancy Analysis (IRA), is robust and considers possibilities of strength reduction for each element leading to failure. Independent intervals for reduction of the strength for five damage scenarios of intact, slightly damage, moderately damaged, severely damaged, and completely damaged as well as strength of each element are considered. A numerical example to show the behavior of the developed method with comparison to Monte-Carlo simulation results is presented.

Use Of Geospatial Tools For Development Of Road Information System (RIS) For Dehradun

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Mar-May

Title : Use Of Geospatial Tools For Development Of Road Information System (RIS) For Dehradun

Author Name : Sandeep Gupta, Pradeep K Garg , S K Ghosh

Synopsis :

A Road Information System (RIS) has been developed as a component of Road Information and Management System (RIMS) for Dehradun urban agglomeration with the main objective to obtain accurate, up-to-date roadway information which may result in reduced travel time. It provides road information, like geographical location, wayside amenities like petrol pumps, police stations and chowkis, fire stations, government offices, hospital, schools and professional institutes etc, road inventory, traffic load etc. The geospatial techniques make the process of data collection and analyses easy, faster and economical. This paper outlines the data requirement for the development of RIS.

Pollution Studies Of Some Important Springs Of Zabarwan Mountains And Their Impact On Dal Lake Waters, Kashmir, India.

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Mar-May

Title : Pollution Studies Of Some Important Springs Of Zabarwan Mountains And Their Impact On Dal Lake Waters, Kashmir, India.

Author Name : S.K. Bukhari, B. A. Lone

Synopsis :

Twenty water samples (five each) of four springs of Zabarwan Mountains, Srinagar, Kashmir were analyzed on Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for various cations. The heavy metal elements concentration Ni, Cu, Fe, Pb and Mn were found above permissible limits; Ni, Pb, Mn and Fe being higher in Zeethyar and Cheshma Shahi Springs, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb in Ishber and Fe in Durganag Spring. The comparison of average of these with the average of the samples from Dal-Lake waters indicates that the load of heavy metal concentration has been contributed by these springs. Among anions nitrate level of the springs is slightly on the higher side, though not alarming at present it may cause a health hazard in the whole region. Hardness and Ph values of all the samples are within the permissible ranges. The turbidity values of Ishber and Durganag springs are above permissible limits. The S.A.R. values (?26) and the S.S.P values (?60) indicate that the water of these springs can safely be used for agricultural purposes.

Shear Strength of Concrete Deep Beams Loaded with Steel Fibres

Vol. 3 No. 1 

Year: 2013 

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title : Shear Strength of Concrete Deep Beams Loaded with Steel Fibres

Author Name: Tantary M. A 

Synopsis: 

The load transfer mechanism of deep beams is very different from normal flexural beams and these beams are likely to have strength controlled by shear as against flexure. Failure of concrete in shear is highly undesirable owing to its brittleness. However, the intrusion of short steel fibres in concrete matrix impart substantial ductility and enhances shear strength of RC beams. The contribution of various factors attributable to the development of shear strength of fibre concrete beams has been extensively investigated in this study and an analytical model has been formulated to predict the shear strength of fibre based RC beams. The various parameters contributing to the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams are shear span-to-depth ratio, reinforcement ratio, strength of concrete, volume fraction and aspect ratio of fibres. The proposed model for estimation of shear capacity of beams was then compared with existing models and that of with ACI code. A good agreement was noted between them. 

Sub-Basin Scale Hydrologic Response Assessment Through Morphometric Analysis: A Case Study Of Sirsa Basin, Western Himalaya, India.

Vol. 3 No. 1

Year: 2013

 
Issue: Dec-Feb

Title : Sub-Basin Scale Hydrologic Response Assessment Through Morphometric Analysis: A Case Study Of Sirsa Basin, Western Himalaya, India.

 

Author Name: Pratik Dash, S. P. Aggarwal , Narender Verma

Synopsis:

 

Morphometric analysis is more efficiently used in geomorphology and hydrology to interpret basin hydrologic behaviour since Horton’s period. Morphometric analysis concomitant with time of concentration and runoff coefficient are used in this study for the analysis of hydrologic responses of Sirsa basin. Toposheets-based drainage lines are used in this study; while Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data are used for relief and slope analysis. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data was used to prepare land use/cover map. Some selected morphometric parameters and hydrologic behaviour of the basin as well as its twelve sub-basins were analyzed. The overall analysis of the whole basin indicates low to moderate peak flood. A sub-basin wise analysis indicates that only three higher order downstream sub-basins are flood prone. The study is very useful for watershed prioritization.

Studies on Strength, Acid Attack and sulphate Attack of High Strength Self Compacting Concrete Using Mineral Admixtures

Vol. 3 No. 1

Year: 2013

 
Issue: Dec-Feb

Title : Studies on Strength, Acid Attack and sulphate Attack of High Strength Self Compacting Concrete Using Mineral Admixtures

Author Name: S. Sesha Phani, seshadri sekhar Tirumala, P. Srinivasa Rao , P. Sravana , Sarika.P

Synopsis:

Self compacting concrete is a fluid mixture suitable for placing in structures with congested reinforcement without vibration. Any attempt to increase the stability of fresh concrete (cohesiveness) requires using increase amount of fine materials in the mixes. Self compacting concrete is made from almost the same ingredients as that of conventionally vibrated concrete except that relative proportions of these ingredients are to be carefully selected to impart self compacting property of fresh concrete without a need for any external compacting and vibrating equipment. An increase in the flow ability of concrete is known to increase the risk of segregation. Therefore it is essential to have proper mix design. None of the test methods and design procedures for Self compacting concrete have yet been standardized and included in Indian Standard Code. In the present investigation a rational mix design is established and self compactability testing methods have been carried out from the view point of making it a standard concrete by using   mineral admixtures like micro silica and fly ash for imparting High Strength Self Compacting Concrete. The  flow properties of resulting concrete is characterized in the fresh state by methods used for Self compacting concrete, such as Slump-flow, V-funnel and L- box tests respectively. Further the strength and durability properties are examined for High Strength Self Compacting Concrete mix of grade M100.

Prediction Of The Compressive Strength In Fal-G Compressed Blocks

Vol. 3 No. 1

Year: 2013

 
Issue: Dec-Feb

Title : Prediction Of The Compressive Strength In Fal-G Compressed Blocks

Author Name : Radhakrishna Krishna, Niranjan PS 

Synopsis :  

The rapid increase in the capacity of thermal power generation in India has resulted in the production of a huge quantity of fly ash. The prevailing disposal methods are not free from environmental pollution and ecological imbalance. Large stretches of scarce land, which can be used for shelter, agriculture or some other productive purposes, are being wasted for disposal of fly ash. The production of each ton of cement releases an equal amount of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. The usage of cement can be reduced by using the other possible cementing materials without compromising the strength and durability. FaL-G, finds extensive application in the manufacturing of building components and materials such as solid bricks, hollow bricks and structural concretes. It is free from conventional cement. It is free from conventional cement. FaL-G technology enables production of bricks with a simple process of mixing, moulding and water curing. Due to such appropriate technology apart from economy, conservation of energy and pollution control are also achieved. Housing is a great problem in today's world. The most basic building material for construction of houses is the usual burnt clay brick. A significant quantity of fuel is utilized in making these bricks. Also, continuous removal of topsoil, in producing conventional bricks, creates environmental problems.

Analyzing the Behaviour of Concrete with Waste Ceramic as Fine Aggregate

Vol. 3 No. 1

Year: 2013

 
Issue: Dec-Feb

Title : Analyzing the Behaviour of Concrete with Waste Ceramic as Fine Aggregate

Author Name: Senthil Vadivel Thiyagarajan, R. Thenmozhi , M. Doddurani

 

Synopsis:

Common river sand is expensive due to excessive cost of transportation from natural sources. Also large–scale depletion of these sources creates environmental problems. Use of hazardous industrial wastes in concrete-making will lead to greener environment, reuse of these wastes from construction and demolition is one of the most important purposes around the world. One of the most important wastes, due its wide range of reuse possibilities, is ceramic waste from the construction and ceramic industry. In ceramic industry about 30% production goes as waste, which is not recycled at present. In this paper, an attempt has been made to find the suitability of the ceramic industrial wastes as a possible substitute for conventional fine aggregate. Experiments were carried out to determine the mechanical properties of concrete with ceramic waste as fine aggregate at four different proportions (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) and to compare them with conventional concrete. The gradation and the properties of fine and ceramic aggregates were very much close to each other. Test results indicates that the workability of ceramic waste fine aggregate concrete is good and the strength characteristics are comparable to those of the conventional concrete.

Effect of Addition of Combination of Admixtures on the Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Subjected to Sulphate Attack

Vol.2 No. 4

Year: 2012
 
Issue: Sep-Nov

Title: Effect of Addition of Combination of Admixtures on the Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Subjected to Sulphate Attack

Author Name: Shanthappa. B. C., Prahallada M.C , Prakash K.B

Synopsis: 

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of acid attack  on the properties of SCC produced by the combination of admixtures such as (Superplasticizer + Viscosity modifying admixture + Air entraining agent + Accelerator), (Superplasticizer + Viscosity modifying admixture + Air entraining agent + Retarder), (Superplasticizer + Viscosity modifying admixture + Air entraining agent + Water proofing compound ) and (Superlasticizer + Viscosity modifying admixture + Air entraining agent + Shrinkage reducing admixture). The concrete testing specimens was prepared by a mix proportion 1:2.7:6.1:5.1 with cement: fly ash: sand: coarse aggregate with a water/binder ratio of 0.38. Specimens after 28 days of curing were immersed in sodium sulphate solution of 5% and 10% concentrations for 90 days. After 90 days of immersion, the specimens were removed from sulphate media, weighed accurately and tested for their respective strengths. SCC produced with above combination of admixtures show better resistance to sulphate attack as compared to SCC produced with combination of admixtures (SP+VMA) only.

Effect Of Elevated Temperatures On The Properties Of Steel Fiber- Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete

Vol.2 No. 4

Year: 2012

Issue: Sep-Nov

Title: Effect Of Elevated Temperatures On The Properties Of Steel Fiber- Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete

Author Name: M.S. Shreenivas Reddy, P. Srinivasa Rao

Synopsis:

Mechanical and thermal properties of steel fiber-reinforced self- compacting concrete(SFR-SCC) subjected to elevated temperatures up to 600oC were experimentally investigated and reported in this paper. The variables considered in this study include grade of concrete (M35, M45, M55 and M65), fiber content (0, 0.5 and 1%), elevated temperatures (200oC, 400oC and 600oC) and period of exposure to the above temperatures (4hrs, 8hrs and 12hrs). Specimens were placed in an electric furnace and the heating was applied at the rate of five degree per minute until the desired temperature was reached. Specimens were then allowed to cool in the furnace and tested for loss in mass and compressive strength. Similar tests were also performed at room temperatures for the reference specimens. The experimental results show that the mass loss and strength loss does not exceed 10 and 50% respectively and also in case of fibreless specimens micro cracks were observed at 600oC.

Strengthening of RC Two-way Plates using Ferrocement

Vol.2 No. 4

Year: 2012

Issue: Sep-Nov

Title: Strengthening of RC Two-way Plates using Ferrocement

Author Name: S.P.Singh, Hardeep Singh Rai , Harpreet Gaba

Synopsis:

A structure consists of the load carrying members which transfer the superimposed load to the foundations below. Its proper function must be served during its life. But the deterioration starts with some passage of time in case of RC structures. Various factors are responsible for this i.e environmental factors, loads, fire, and earthquake and so on.  The concept of structure health monitoring and strengthening of structures is a major step towards well being of any structural system and its intended performance under various loads. Ferrocement have been widely used in various forms as structural element. In the present paper, feasibility of using ferrocement is assessed for strengthening of a deteriorated RC two way slab. Rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests were conduced to assess the degree of deterioration. Results were presented in the form of load-deflection response of the slabs along with crack pattern of the slab at various stage of loading. Results are found to be in well agreement with those obtained from analytical investigations.

Effect Of Replacement Of Natural Sand By Stone Crusher Dust On The Properties Of Waste Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete - An Experimental Investigation

Vol.2 No. 4

Year: 2012

Issue: Sep-Nov

Title: Effect Of Replacement Of Natural Sand By Stone Crusher Dust On The Properties Of Waste Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete - An Experimental Investigation

 

Author Name: Prahallada M.C, Prakash K.B 

Synopsis:

The waste plastic is causing a serious environmental pollution. The plastic don’t deteriorate. It is a non-biodegradable material. Once the plastic takes the birth, it is not subjected to any deteriorating actions. With all these things it is causing a serious environmental pollution. Such waste plastic fibres can be used in the concrete to produce waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete. Aim of this paper is to present the properties of waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete when natural sand is replaced by crushed stone sand by different percentages. The strength characteristics of waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete like compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength are found along with workability characteristics when natural sand is replaced by crushed stone sand by different percentages like 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60%. It can be concluded that 30% replacement of natural sand by stone crusher dust in waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete yield maximum strength and yields good workability characteristics. Thus, waste plastics and stone crusher dust which are causing environmental pollution can be effectively used in concrete.

Earthquake-induced vibrations of a buried pipeline including fluid-structure interaction – numerical solution

Vol.2 No. 4

Year: 2012

Issue: Sep-Nov

Title: Earthquake-induced vibrations of a buried pipeline including fluid-structure interaction – numerical solution

Author Name: Silviya Petkova, Dimitar Kisliakov

Synopsis:

In the present work, the governing equation of the dynamic response of a buried fluid-conveying pressure pipeline to a transverse earthquake excitation is solved numerically. The structural model of the buried pipe corresponds to the type implemented in hydropower systems. An Euler-Bernoulli beam on elastic Winkler foundation is applied in the transverse vibration model of the buried pipe with appropriate boundary conditions. The constant velocity flow of the inviscid fluid in the pipe is approximated as a plug flow. The Finite Difference Method (FDM) in the form of a fully implicit scheme is applied for the solution of the governing equation of motion. Since this differential equation is of fourth order, two additional mathematical functions are introduced for enabling such numerical treatment. Making use of the implicit FDM with appropriate boundary and initial conditions, the problem converts to a system of algebraic equations with block-tridiagonal structure for each time step within the solution mesh whose right-hand side depends on the results from the previous time step and the earthquake-induced kinematic excitation. The time and space shift of the input seismic excitation over all points of the FD mesh is calculated by means of a special external procedure. For practical application of this computational procedure, a computer program SIVBuPP was written in the MATLAB environment. The numerical algorithm was tested independently by means of a small example and external calculation tools. Further, a numerical example with real structural data and displacement and velocity records from the Duzce 1999 earthquake was solved as implementation of the developed procedure. Finally, conclusions were drawn, and some tasks for future research were formulated as well.

Effect of Replacement of Cement by Metakalion on the Properties of High Performance Concrete Subjected to Acid Attack

Vol.2 No. 3

Year: 2012

Issue: Jun-Aug

Title: Effect of Replacement of Cement by Metakalion on the Properties of High Performance Concrete Subjected to Acid Attack 

Author Name: Beulah M., Prahallada M.C 

Synopsis: 

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of partial replacement of cement by metakalion by various percentages viz 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% on the properties of high performance concrete, when it is subjected to acid attack. An aggregate binder ratio of 2 and different water binder ratios viz 0.3, 0.35, 0.40 and 0.45 was used in this investigation. Concrete specimens of size 150 x 150 x 150 mm were casted to find residual compressive strength and specimens of size 100 x 100 x 100mm were casted to find percentage weight loss; both the sizes of specimens were casted and cured as per IS specification. After 28 days water curing, the concrete specimens were kept immersed in 5% concentrated acid solution for 30, 60 and 90 days for observation. Before immersion, they were weighed accurately and after required days of immersion and observation, the specimens were removed from acid media, weighed accurately and tested for their compressive strength; weight loss and hardness of concrete were studied. The various results which indicate the effect of replacement of cement by metakalion on HPC are presented in this paper to draw useful conclusions. The results were compared with reference mix. Test results indicate that use of replacement cement by metakalion in HPC has improved performance of concrete up to 10%

Durability of Steel Fibre Reinforced High Strength Metakaolin Blended Concrete

Vol.2 No. 3

Year: 2012

Issue: Jun-Aug

Title: Durability of Steel Fibre Reinforced High Strength Metakaolin Blended Concrete 

Author Name: P. Srinivasa Rao, Abdul Rahim.Z , Seshadri Sekhar Tirumala 

Synopsis: 

Cement Concrete is most widely used material for various constructions. When compared with steel, concrete is most widely used in construction. But concrete has some of the drawbacks like low tensile strength, less ductility, heavy weight, high shrinkage and high permeability. To overcome these drawbacks many researchers all over the world are actively involved in improving the properties of the concrete according to their applications. As a part of my research work an attempt is made to study the strength & durability of steel fibre reinforced Metakaolin blended concrete, when it is exposed to certain types of chemicals. Metakaolin is a thermally structured, ultra fine pozzolona, which replaces industrial byproducts such as silica fume,  fly ash, etc.,. This paper presents experimental investigations carried out to evaluate the strength and the durability in terms of Chemical Resistance and weight loss of steel fibre reinforced concrete with and without Metakaolin for concrete of M50 grade. Concrete cubes are made with partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement by Metakaolin. Water to cementitious material ratio used is 0.55. The optimized dosage of super plasticizer is noticed as 1 % weight of binding material. In this investigation an attempt is made with chemicals like H2SO4 and HCl. Crimped Steel fibres with 80 as aspect ratio at 0, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of volume of concrete are used. The results show that the percentage of weight loss is reduced and compressive strength is increased in the case of Steel fibre reinforced concrete and concrete containing 10 % Metakaolin replaced concrete when compared to the normal concrete. Also the less percentage weight loss is noticed in the case of HCl and severe in the case of H2SO4.

Studies on High Strength Self Compacting Concrete Mixes Using Mineral Admixtures

Vol.2 No. 3

Year: 2012

Issue: Jun-Aug

Title: Studies on High Strength Self Compacting Concrete Mixes Using Mineral Admixtures 

Author Name: Seshadri Sekhar Tirumala, S. Sesha Phani , P. Srinivasa Rao , P. Sravana 

Synopsis: 

In the present investigation a rational mix design is established and self compactability testing methods have been carried out from the view point of making it a standard concrete by using   mineral admixtures like micro silica and fly ash for imparting High Strength Self Compacting Concrete. The  flow properties of resulting concrete is characterized in the fresh state by methods used for Self compacting concrete, such as Slump-flow, V-funnel and L- box tests respectively. Further the mechanical properties compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete are examined for High Strength Self Compacting Concrete mix of grade M100.

Impact Strength Of Steel Fibre Reinforced High Strength Self Compacting Concrete

Vol.2 No. 3

Year: 2012

Issue: Jun-Aug

Title: Impact Strength Of Steel Fibre Reinforced High Strength Self Compacting Concrete 

Author Name: Vasusmitha Joshi, P. Srinivasa Rao 

Synopsis: 

Cement based materials are quasi-brittle and are known to exhibit a highly stress-rate sensitive behavior. In structures that are subjected to impact forces, this causes concern in two ways: first the brittleness may result in catastrophic failure without warning and second, the properties of concrete during such events may be very different from those measured in standardized quasi static tests. Unfortunately, there are no standardized tests available for testing concrete under impact loading and there is significant confusion as to what constitutes an appropriate test. Concrete is a mostly used construction material in the world. As the use of concrete becomes wide spread the specifications of concrete like Durability, Quality, Compactness and Optimization of concrete becomes more important. Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a very fluid concrete and a homogeneous mixture that solves most of the problems related to ordinary concrete. Besides, SCC gets compacted under its own weight and there is no need for an internal vibrator for the body of the mould. This specification helps the execution of construction components under high compression of reinforcement. This paper concentrates mainly on studying the properties like workability and Impact strength of Fibre Reinforced High Strength Self Compacting concrete using Steel Fibres in various proportions ranging from 0 to 1.5 % for SCC mixes of Grade M 80.The resulting concrete is characterized in the fresh state by methods used for Self compacted concrete, such as Slump flow, V-funnel and L-Box tests respectively.

Studying The Effect Of Maintaining The Urban Roads At Different Serviceability Levels And Applying Deferred Maintenance

Vol.2 No. 3

Year: 2012

Issue: Jun-Aug

Title: Studying The Effect Of Maintaining The Urban Roads At Different Serviceability Levels And Applying Deferred Maintenance 

Author Name: Yogesh Shah, S.S. Jain , Tiwari, Devesh , Jain M.K 

Synopsis : 

The level of service defines the appropriate level of maintenance and the priority placed on the work. These levels can be used in planning, performing and evaluating the various maintenance activities with available funds. According to Indian codes, the priorities for levels of service are set for three possible levels of maintenance funding viz. (i) desirable level (highest level of funding) (ii) average level (iii) acceptable level (lowest level of funding). The main objective of a pavement maintenance management system is to provide a scientific tool to maintain roads at desired serviceability levels. It is also well accepted fact that due to paucity of funds it is not possible to provide the highest level of serviceability and hence there’s a need to evaluate the pavement conditions at lower serviceability levels. This case study demonstrates the determination of fund requirements for maintaining the urban pavement sections as per three serviceability levels defined as desirable, average and accepted. The analysis has done using HDM-4 shows the effect of changing the serviceability level on varying fund requirements and the pavement network condition. Also, the effect of applying the deferred maintenance to the urban pavement sections due to scarcity of funds is analyzed. The 23.7 Km road length of Noida urban city, near Delhi is selected for this study.

Practical Way To Identify The False Target Signatures In Gpr Images Of Ground Profile

Vol. 2 No. 2

Year: 2012

Issue: Mar-May

Title: Practical Way To Identify The False Target Signatures In Gpr Images Of Ground Profile 

Author Name: D.C. Bala, S.S. Jain 

Synopsis: 

The application of ground penetrating radar (GPR) for pavement evaluation is relatively new concept in India, especially for transportation infrastructure study to evaluate its defects and condition rapidly, continuously and non-destructively. The images of the studied pavement section containing underground utility (here metallic water pipes & electric cables are taken) items show hyperbolic signatures and by using velocity calibration by hyperbolic matching approach it is possible to determine the depth and leakage status. But, generally the main problem that is encountered in the analysis of the GPR image is the occurrence of false hyperbolic signatures which may appear due to the reflection from nearby big trees, houses and overhead bridges/ under ways.  It is therefore, important to resolve the issue of detection of false target in air by GPR. Thus, in the present work practical data have been acquired using 250 MHz ground coupled GPR from the areas having big objects that can interfere with the GPR images. The GPR signatures of the trees, fly over and overhead pathway have been collected, and based on the GPR acquired velocity (from GPR image) of the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagating through the ground has been analyzed to differentiate between the air objects and the ground objects. After analysis it has been found that if the GPR extracted velocity is within the range of (0.050 m/ns to 0.150 m/ns), it represents all sorts of ground materials (generally used for construction) under various moisture conditions (presence of huge water to dry condition), and the object is under the earth surface. Whereas, if the velocity is above 0.19 m/ns or 0.200 m/ns and above represents false air events i.e. object is in air. This work can provide technical assistance to the beginners involved in the GPR based manpower development programmes.

 

 

 

Experimental Studies On Ferrocement Slabs Using Self Compacting Mortar

Vol. 2 No. 2

Year: 2012

Issue: Mar-May

Title: Experimental Studies On Ferrocement Slabs Using Self Compacting Mortar 

Author Name: Deepa Shri, R. Thenmozhi 

Synopsis: 

Now-a-days ferrocement elements are used as building material as well as structural materials, since ferrocement can put the building into diet. Ferrocement elements are thin, flexible and the steel reinforcement is distributed widely throughout the cement mortar. Instead of cement mortar, self compacting mortar is used in order to eliminate the external vibration and to overcome the difficulties and problems in the construction process and it can flow through congested formwork and corners where the conventional cement mortar cannot facilitate perfect filling and compaction. The objective of this study was to develop the properties of self compacting mortar using SCC principles. 3 mixes of SCM were prepared by maintaining constant percentage of Super Plasticizer and Viscosity Modifying Agent of 0.85% and 0.23% respectively and varying w/c in the range of 0.40, 0.45 and 0.50 with mortar ratio of 1:2. For each mixes 9 cubes (7cm X 7cm X 7cm) were cast. The workability of the fresh mortar determined using slump flow and V-funnel tests. The hardened properties were determined at 3, 7, 28 days of age. The SCM test results were compared with the control specimen to see the inference of self-compatibility. This mortar developed is applied in the construction of the ferrocement slabs and their behaviour was studied.